By definition, an apartheid is a policy or practice of separating or segregating groups; the separate development of races. The South African Apartheid took place from 1948 to 1994 in South Africa, where "non-whites" were discriminated against under National Party Rule. Essentially, the South African Apartheid came about due to Nationalist Party rule, causing the country to be under
South African Flag
control of a white-supremacist regime.
Peaceful protests against the regime eventually led to a violent event on March 21st, 1960, known as the Sharpeville Massacre. South Africa became a republic the same year, doing away with the Nationalist party.
Timeline
The Election of 1948
The Nationalist Party, the most conservative white political party, wins the national election in South Africa. This group narrowly defeated the Smuts United Party and the Afrikaner Party. 1948 Apartheid
Apartheid Laws Enacted in 1948
Apartheid Laws (1948) segregated blacks and whites
Apartheid laws are enacted, which institutionalized racial discrimination and instilled race laws. 1948 Apartheid
Suppression of Communism Act enacted in 1950
Suppression of Communism Act is enacted, banning the communist party in South Africa. Suppression of Communism Act
Population Registration Act of 1950
National Party installs the Population Registration Act, requiring all South Africans to be classified as White, black, or colored/mixed ethicity. Blacks must have identification on them at all times. Population Registration Act
Bantu Authorities Act of 1951
Bantu Authorities Act is enacted, forming African reserves called "homelands." Bantu Authorities Act
Public Safety Act of 1953
Public Safety Act empowers the government to declare stringent states of emergency. Public Safety Act
Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1953
The Criminal Law Amendment Act increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law. This almost sets up the oppertunity for rebellion against the unjust National Party. Criminal Law Amendment Act
State of Emergency is Called in 1960
A large group of blacks refuse to carry identification and a state of emergency is called. This would eventually lead to the
The Sharpeville Massacre occurrs. Black African's refusal of carrying identification as required by the Population Registration Act of 1950 and their rebellion of the act, as banned by the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1953, causes police to fire on a crowd of about 10,000 rebels, killing 67 and wounding 186. Sharpeville Massacre
Catch a Fire is a movie specifically about the South African Apartheid. A brief synopsis, which can be found here, describes Catch a Fire as
"An apolitical South African oil-refinery worker and soccer coach is forced into terrorism as a means of fighting back against the brutality of the apartheid regime in director Phillip Noyce's dramatic look at the life of one-time political prisoner and freedom fighter Patrick Chamusso."
Sharpeville Massacre
Crowd gathers to peacefully protest the laws set by the Nationalist Party.
The Sharpeville Massacre occured on March 21, 1960 when police open-fired on a group of black protesters who were rebelling the laws installed by the Nationalist Party. Originally planned as a peaceful protest, the shootings quickly turned it into a violent event that remains significant in South African history. 69 people were killed and over 180 were injured.
No one person was directly related to the act of civil "disobedience" involved in the protest, rather, it was the entire group of rebels objecting against the racist laws enacted by the white supremacist Nationalist Party, such as the Population Registration Act of 1950, which required all black South Africans to carry around
People fleeing the scene of the shootings.
identification.
Nelson Mandella
Nelson Mandella, 2008
Nelson Mandella, born Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18th, 1918 in Mvezo, Union of South Africa, to Henry Mgadla Mandela and Nonqaphi Nosekeni , was the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. The African National Congress (ANC) was the leading oppising group to the apartheid and the Nationalist Party. One of the top ANC leaders,Mandella, one of the top ANC was a significant figure in the history of the rebellion. Mandella planned sabotage campaigns, and held a view that peaceful protests had no effect and would not lead to the end of apartheid. Mandela and 150 others were arrested on December 5th 1956 and charged with treason. Imprisioned
Mandella, 1937
again in 1962 and remained in prision for eighteen years. He was the first member of his family to attend high school, and attended Fort Hare university, that of which he never completed, ironically, due to disagreement with a policy.
Mandella made a speech at the All-In Conference, held in 1961, and went underground, traveling, preaching the injustices of the Nationalist party and organizing strikes. He was caught in July of 1962 and went on trial, the Rivona Trial, in 1963, where he delivered his famous "I am prepared to die.: speech, giving him worldwide recognition as the leader of the South African liberation struggle.
What was the person trying to acheive?
9.) The ANC's armed wing - Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), began operating in 1961. Under the leadership of Nelson Mandela, MK followed a policy of targeting state buildings for sabotage without taking lives. In the first 18 months MK carried out about 200 acts of sabotage, and despite the policy, some deaths did occur. MK headquarters were at the farm Lilliesleaf in Rivonia just outside Johannesburg. Mandela started making plans for MK members to receive training outside the country and managed to slip past the authorities as he moved in and out of South Africa. This got him the name 'the Black Pimpernel'. Mandela also initially managed to resist arrest inside South Africa. In August 1962, after a tip off, the police set up a roadblock and captured Mandela. After this the success of MK declined and the police managed to infiltrate the organisation. Through information leaked by informer Gerard Ludi the police learned of where the MK headquarters were. In July 1963 the police raided Lilliesleaf farm and arrested many prominent leaders of the ANC and MK including Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki and Ahmed Kathrada. At the same time the police gathered evidence to be used in the trial against these men. The evidence also enabled the police to arrest other people such as Denis Goldberg. Particularly damaging was the information on Operation Mayibuye (Operation Comeback), a plan for bringing back the exiles into the country and revealing that MK was planning to use guerrilla warfare.
In this paragraph the person i will be discussing is Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela started to make plans for the MK ( Umkhonto we Sizwe) to receive training outside the country. Mandela was able to get away from the authorites as he traveled from in and out of South Africa. He then received the name the "Black Pimpernel". Unfortunately Mandela's plans were not a success, because he was caught by the police in August 1962. Once Nelson MAndela was captured the police shut down the organization. http://home.intekom.com/southafricanhistoryonline/pages/classroom/pages/projects/grade9/lesson6/05-repression-1960s.htm
5) people marching down the street in protest to the apartheid 5)
The bodies of the deceased after the Sharpeville massacre, killed by South African Police.
The bodies of the deceased after the Sharpeville massacre, killed by South African Police.
African Americans were suppose to carry around identification cards, those who were caught witout one were severly punished
African Americans were suppose to carry around identification cards, those who were caught witout one were severly punished
6) The South African Apartheid was when the go
8) one law that was set in place during the south african apartheid was the "group areas act of 1950". there was a need for this rule during this time because the government was trying to segregate the population. What the group areas act did was it seperated white people from colored people by forcing them to live in different residential areas. 14) many movies were inspired by the apartheid. one movie cry freedom(1987) directed by Richard attenborough. starring denzel washington and kevin kline, describes the relationship between an african black activist and a newspaper editor. 3) Nelson mandela was born in transkei, south africa on july 18th, 1918. his father henry mandela the cheif of the tembu tribe, and his mother nonqaphi nosekeni. he went to college at the university of fort hare and the university of witwatersrand. he joined the ANC in 1944 and went on trial for treason in 1956-61. mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to 5 years with hard labor. he was released febuary 11, 1990 and was elected president in 1991.
By definition, an apartheid is a policy or practice of separating or segregating groups; the separate development of races. The South African Apartheid took place from 1948 to 1994 in South Africa, where "non-whites" were discriminated against under National Party Rule. Essentially, the South African Apartheid came about due to Nationalist Party rule, causing the country to be under
Peaceful protests against the regime eventually led to a violent event on March 21st, 1960, known as the Sharpeville Massacre. South Africa became a republic the same year, doing away with the Nationalist party.
Timeline
The Election of 1948
The Nationalist Party, the most conservative white political party, wins the national election in South Africa. This group narrowly defeated the Smuts United Party and the Afrikaner Party. 1948 ApartheidApartheid Laws Enacted in 1948
Suppression of Communism Act enacted in 1950
Suppression of Communism Act is enacted, banning the communist party in South Africa. Suppression of Communism ActPopulation Registration Act of 1950
National Party installs the Population Registration Act, requiring all South Africans to be classified as White, black, or colored/mixed ethicity. Blacks must have identification on them at all times. Population Registration ActBantu Authorities Act of 1951
Bantu Authorities Act is enacted, forming African reserves called "homelands." Bantu Authorities ActPublic Safety Act of 1953
Public Safety Act empowers the government to declare stringent states of emergency. Public Safety ActCriminal Law Amendment Act of 1953
The Criminal Law Amendment Act increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law. This almost sets up the oppertunity for rebellion against the unjust National Party. Criminal Law Amendment ActState of Emergency is Called in 1960
A large group of blacks refuse to carry identification and a state of emergency is called. This would eventually lead to theSharpeville Massacre of 1960
The Sharpeville Massacre occurrs. Black African's refusal of carrying identification as required by the Population Registration Act of 1950 and their rebellion of the act, as banned by the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1953, causes police to fire on a crowd of about 10,000 rebels, killing 67 and wounding 186. Sharpeville MassacreSouth Africa becomes a Republic in 1960
South Africa becomes a republic in 1960 after the Sharpeville Massacre occurs. . South Africa Declares Itself a RepublicSong
Weeping, a song performed by multiple people since it was written in the mid-1980's by Dan Heymann.
Click here to find links to listen to this song.
Catch a Fire is a movie specifically about the South African Apartheid. A brief synopsis, which can be found here, describes Catch a Fire as
"An apolitical South African oil-refinery worker and soccer coach is forced into terrorism as a means of fighting back against the brutality of the apartheid regime in director Phillip Noyce's dramatic look at the life of one-time political prisoner and freedom fighter Patrick Chamusso."
Sharpeville Massacre
The Sharpeville Massacre occured on March 21, 1960 when police open-fired on a group of black protesters who were rebelling the laws installed by the Nationalist Party. Originally planned as a peaceful protest, the shootings quickly turned it into a violent event that remains significant in South African history. 69 people were killed and over 180 were injured.
Here are several accounts of the event that day.
No one person was directly related to the act of civil "disobedience" involved in the protest, rather, it was the entire group of rebels objecting against the racist laws enacted by the white supremacist Nationalist Party, such as the Population Registration Act of 1950, which required all black South Africans to carry around
Nelson Mandella
Nelson Mandella, 2008
Nelson Mandella, born Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18th, 1918 in Mvezo, Union of South Africa, to Henry Mgadla Mandela and Nonqaphi Nosekeni , was the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.The African National Congress (ANC) was the leading oppising group to the apartheid and the Nationalist Party. One of the top ANC leaders,Mandella, one of the top ANC was a significant figure in the history of the rebellion.
Mandella planned sabotage campaigns, and held a view that peaceful protests had no effect and would not lead to the end of apartheid. Mandela and 150 others were arrested on December 5th 1956 and charged with treason. Imprisioned
He was the first member of his family to attend high school, and attended Fort Hare university, that of which he never completed, ironically, due to disagreement with a policy.
Mandella made a speech at the All-In Conference, held in 1961, and went underground, traveling, preaching the injustices of the Nationalist party and organizing strikes. He was caught in July of 1962 and went on trial, the Rivona Trial, in 1963, where he delivered his famous "I am prepared to die.: speech, giving him worldwide recognition as the leader of the South African liberation struggle.
What was the person trying to acheive?
9.)
The ANC's armed wing - Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), began operating in 1961. Under the leadership of Nelson Mandela, MK followed a policy of targeting state buildings for sabotage without taking lives. In the first 18 months MK carried out about 200 acts of sabotage, and despite the policy, some deaths did occur. MK headquarters were at the farm Lilliesleaf in Rivonia just outside Johannesburg. Mandela started making plans for MK members to receive training outside the country and managed to slip past the authorities as he moved in and out of South Africa. This got him the name 'the Black Pimpernel'. Mandela also initially managed to resist arrest inside South Africa. In August 1962, after a tip off, the police set up a roadblock and captured Mandela. After this the success of MK declined and the police managed to infiltrate the organisation. Through information leaked by informer Gerard Ludi the police learned of where the MK headquarters were. In July 1963 the police raided Lilliesleaf farm and arrested many prominent leaders of the ANC and MK including Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki and Ahmed Kathrada. At the same time the police gathered evidence to be used in the trial against these men. The evidence also enabled the police to arrest other people such as Denis Goldberg. Particularly damaging was the information on Operation Mayibuye (Operation Comeback), a plan for bringing back the exiles into the country and revealing that MK was planning to use guerrilla warfare.
In this paragraph the person i will be discussing is Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela started to make plans for the MK ( Umkhonto we Sizwe) to receive training outside the country. Mandela was able to get away from the authorites as he traveled from in and out of South Africa. He then received the name the "Black Pimpernel". Unfortunately Mandela's plans were not a success, because he was caught by the police in August 1962. Once Nelson MAndela was captured the police shut down the organization.
http://home.intekom.com/southafricanhistoryonline/pages/classroom/pages/projects/grade9/lesson6/05-repression-1960s.htm
5) people marching down the street in protest to the apartheid
5)
6) The South African Apartheid was when the go
8) one law that was set in place during the south african apartheid was the "group areas act of 1950". there was a need for this rule during this time because the government was trying to segregate the population. What the group areas act did was it seperated white people from colored people by forcing them to live in different residential areas.
14) many movies were inspired by the apartheid. one movie cry freedom(1987) directed by Richard attenborough. starring denzel washington and kevin kline, describes the relationship between an african black activist and a newspaper editor.
3) Nelson mandela was born in transkei, south africa on july 18th, 1918. his father henry mandela the cheif of the tembu tribe, and his mother nonqaphi nosekeni. he went to college at the university of fort hare and the university of witwatersrand. he joined the ANC in 1944 and went on trial for treason in 1956-61. mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to 5 years with hard labor. he was released febuary 11, 1990 and was elected president in 1991.
Amber
Sebryna
Will
chris